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ROLE OF COMPANIONS OF THE PROPHET IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE QUR’AN

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid R.A

She was the first wife of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W . Although a widow, she offered to marry Muhammad S.A.W  who was fifteen years younger than her, and also surrendered all her wealth and dignity to the Prophet. Khadijah’s role in the life of the Prophet was very significant and valuable.

First, as a business woman, she was into reach merchant business, travelling from cities to cities and had wide trade connections. Initially Muhammad S.A.W was to join her business as a trade partner; she quickly discovered the truthfulness and reliable qualities of the young, dynamic Muhammad S.A.W. Hence, she drew him nearer to her business activities. They later got married.

Khadijah R.A help Prophet Muhammad S.A.W at the initial stage of Islam. She provided a conducive environment for Muhammad S.A.W to develop his prophetic life and the much needed resources to meet the challenges of the Makkan opposition. She also made the home of the Prophet a haven of everybody so that the new faith became firmly rooted in their minds. Her acceptance of the new faith also provided the confidence needed by Muhammad S.A.W to begin a universal mission.


Hafsah R.A

Hafsah R.A was the daughter of Umar b. Khattab R.A, the second Caliph in Islam. She was married to the Prophet after accepting Islam even before her father.

Hafsah’s role was the keeping of the original copy of the Holy Qur’an in her custody. After the gathering of objects in which Qur’an was written such as dry leaves, bones and animal skins, these objects were collected and kept in the care of Hafsah. On the death of the Prophet, it was the copy with her that was brought out, reproduced under the command of Uthman b. Affan R.A, and later got circulated to muslim provinces to avoid variations in the recitations.

Hafsah R.A was a devoted wife of the Prophet. She was reported to have memorized many parts of the Qur’an even while the Prophet was alive. She also used to teach others the Qur’an as her contribution to the growth of Islam. In addition, Hafsah R.A was noted to be a dedicated wife who also served the Prophet’s guests and visitors even when the Prophet did not have enough provision for such guests.

Zaid b. Thabit R.A

Popularly known as the chief scribe of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W, Zaid b. Thabit R.A was a young man with very good talent of record keeping. The Prophet quickly discovered this in him at the early stage of Islam and brought him closer as his ‘personal secretary’.

Zaid’s role in the Qur’an was the accurate recordings of the revelation. A tradition had it that as soon as the Prophet received any revelation, the next thing will be to invite Zaid b. Thabit R.A and other scribes and instruct them to write the new verse in so and so place. After writing, he will also read out the dictated verses to the hearing of the Prophet who will confirm and then ask that the materials be kept in safe place.

Zaid R.A was a close relation of the Prophet. He used to ensure that nothing happened any day around the Prophet except he has fully recorded them down. To this, his record usually form the basis for others to cross- check and then amend as required.

During the treaty of Hudaybiyyah, Zaid b. Thabit R.A was among the scribes on the side of the Prophet when the treaty was being drafted. He was usually in charge of the documents of the Prophet and the Prophet is confident on him that he would ask other scribes to compare their notes with that of Zaid R.A.

Abubakr Sidiq R.A

This was the first Caliph of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. Although older in age than the Prophet, he was the first male adult to accept Islam without any hesitation. He was a rich merchant in Makkah and was a famous businessman that later brought glamour and respect to the fold of the early Muslims.

Abubakr R.A was very close to Prophet Muhammad S.A.W, and later became his close confidant. His choice as the first caliph was not by accident but indeed a normal procedure going by the closeness, reliability and high level of commitment to the cause of Islam.

Abubakr R.A was with Muhammad S.A.W, being his only partner in the cave Thawr, during the hijra from Makkah to Madinah. He entered Madinah with the prophet and both were welcomed by the Ansar.

After the Prophet’s death, the first move to get the Qur’an compiled started during the reign of Abubakr R.A. Although he did not completely support the idea, it was out of respect and regard for the prophet. Abubakr R.A queried the agitators for the compilation of the Qur’an why the prophet did not initiate such when he was alive. He later supported the idea in view of the dwindling number of memorizers of Qur’an who were killed at the battle of Yamana.

 Uthman b. Affan R.A

One companion that would ever be remembered for his role in the evolution of the Qur’an was Uthman b. Affan R.A, the third Caliph. Although an elderly and wealthy man, Uthman R.A demonstrated to Muslims how best to spend one’s wealth for the upliftment of the religion of Islam. He was one of the very early converts to Islam.

Uthman R.A took a bold step in the Qur’anic project by ordering its compilation and keeping one, and reproducing other copies for the Muslim regions. Today, we talk of the Uthmanic edition of the Qur’an because it was he who standardized the document when variations in the recitation were noticed in some regions of the Muslims.

Uthman R.A was also involved in the process of cross checking from memorizers of the book, especially during the compilation. And he would ask each memorizer to produce witnesses in support of the recitation. Uthman R.A spent his wealth in the spread of Islam. For instance, he was the first muslim to buy a well for the use of the muslims as his contributions to the growth Of Islam.